The literature of exile and imaginary homelands in salman rushdie, Essay

The literature of exile and imaginary homelands in salman rushdie, bharati mukherjee, and v. s. naipaul - Essay Example The exile is not (he cannot be, he cannot exist) -- at least in the common Western conception of being -- but is rather the sum of competing and contradictory forces that play out over the surface of the exiles being, without ever constituting a rigid and single edifice. If the exile can be said to have a "being" at all, then, it can only be understood to be one that is based on the formation of certain circumstances, of history, of discourse, of culture--what Walter Benjamin might have called a "constellation."1 However, these very structures--history, discourse, culture--can no longer be considered looming edifices of constitutive control and hegemonic power, after the experience of the exile as portrayed in these novels they lose some of their force. For the strange logic of the exile invades these structrues too, works within them too, and they (the structures), like the exile, cannot be considered single, unitary, or stable. The exile steals from them their authority by the power of his or her interruption. The exile too follow this logic and the structure which both pervades the exiled individual, and which gives him or her the power for resistance. In the preceding analyses of the writings of Salman Rushdie, Bharati Mukherjee, and V. S. Naipaul, I have attempted to chart the trajectory of the logic of the exile as it passes through their writing. I have tried to put into the words (however problematically) the flow of constitution and dissolution that occurs on the boundary of both language and self, and which is what forms the particular literary power of these writers, and determines their placement as writers of the post-colonial situation. Now, in this conclusion, I would like to situate these various writers back into a dialogue with both the theory and practice of post-colonial scholarship, and attempt to see precisely how the various movements within and between the six texts that I have concentrated upon play themselves out against the wider background of the post-colonial situation. Perhaps more importantly, I wish to cement the argument I speculatively began in the preceding chapters that these three writers, though extremely different in matters of style, material, and/or execution, all present a seriously radical answer to the malaise that the post-colonial situation presents. They are certainly not, as some critics have presented them, writers who have benefited from the comforts of exile, and have been accepted into the mainstream of their chosen land (for Naipaul, England; for Mukherjee, the United States; for Rushdie, England and the United States ) unproblematically. None of them are conservative, nor are they apolitical. However, they do come to the notion of a post-colonial politics with a new mode of functioning and from a new place of departure. Their politics is not of the old kind, but of a markedly new and total aspect: the target of their revolutionary destruction cannot be put in such simple terms as party, nation or racial groups. Let us consider the various kinds of exile that make up the cast of characters within Midnight's Children, The Satanic Verses, Jasmine, The Holder of the World, The Mimic Men, and The Enigma of Arrival. In all cases these novels concentrate on the personal nature of the central character's exile. In

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a Simple Pendulum Essay Example for Free

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a Simple Pendulum Essay Objectives: To study the simple harmonic motion (SHM) of a simple pendulum and to investigate the phase relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration, and to investigate how acceleration is related to displacement in a simple harmonic motion. Apparatus: * half metre rule * a light string * pendulum bob * video camera with tripod stand * computer with Motion Video Analysis (MVA) software and Microsoft Excel installed Experimental design: Fig. 0 Theory: For an object or mass moving in a simple harmonic motion, the displacement, velocity and acceleration change periodically in both magnitude and direction. The acceleration in particular is always proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position and must always be directed towards the equilibrium point. Mathematically it can be expressed as a = -kx, where k is a constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium point. Also for a simple harmonic oscillation, the period or frequency of oscillation is independent of the amplitude of the motion. In Figure 1, x is the displacement of the pendulum bob from the equilibrium point Q. Points P and R are points where the maximum displacement (amplitude A) can be obtained. Theoretically, the following equations are true for S.H.M.: When the motion starts at the equilibrium position (point Q) x = A sin ?t where ? is angular velocity v = ? A cos ?t a = ?2A sin ?t Period T = 2 ? / ? Fig. 1 When the motion starts at the position where the amplitude is obtained (point P or R) x = A cos ?t where ? is angular velocity v = ? A sin ?t a = ?2A cos ?t Period T = 2 ? / ? In theory, the displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs should be in a sine or cosine curve. Moreover, the velocity graph should lead the displacement by a quarter of the cycle (? = 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½), and the acceleration graph should lead the velocity by also a quarter of the cycle. This can be illustrated by the fig. 2(a), (b) and (c). Fig. 2(a): Graph of displacement x against time (Suppose the motion starts at the point where lower amplitude is obtained) Fig. 2(b): Graph of velocity v against time Fig.2(c): Graph of acceleration a against time Procedure: 1. The set-up was assembled in the following procedures: (a) One end of the spring is clamped firmly on the stand. (b) The ringed mass was attached to the other end of the spring. (c) A half-metre rule was clamped on the stand beside the spring and mass such that the top of the half-metre rule corresponds to the top of the spring. (Refer to Fig. 0) (d) The equilibrium position was marked by a sticker. 2. Take readings by using the apparatus in the following procedures: (a) Student holding the white foam board (Student A) (i) Hold the white foam board behind the set up so that the movement of the spring system is not disturbed by any other backgrounds. (b) Student conducting the experiment (Student B) (i) Stand beside the set up. Make sure that the spring system at equilibrium is in a steady and stable condition. (ii) When the video taking was on, pull down the spring some distance (e.g. about 5 cm) and set the spring moving. (iii) Make sure the spring is mostly moving in a vertical direction and not swinging to and fro. (iv) After a few oscillations, ask student C to stop the video. (c) Student conducting the video-taking (Student C) (i) Set up the video camera and fix it on the tripod stand firmly. (ii) Adjust the position of the camera so that the spring system and the movement of the spring is shown clearly. (iii) Watch out for Student B to start or stop the video-taking. 3. Convert the video into suitable format. 4. Use the MVA software to record the positions and times for 2 complete oscillations of the mass. Save the project and export the data to a text file. 5. Use Microsoft Excel to open the exported files and plot the graphs for displacement, velocity and acceleration against time respectively. Also plot a graph of acceleration against time. Results and Measurements: (Copied from the data of MVA software) Values of velocity is found by the equation: (x2-x1)/(t2/t1), whereas x1=-7.54E-02 x2= -4.08E-02, t1=0.00E+00 ,t2=6.67E-02 Values of acceleration is found by the equation: (v2-v1)/(t2-t1) Whereas v1= -1.30E-02,v2= 5.20E-01, t1=0.00E+00 ,t2=6.67E-02 E+00= 100=1; E-01=10-1; E-02=10-2 E-03=10-3 (See the bolded ones as reference) BR/-Index Time(s) x-coordinate (displacement in x-direction)/m y-coordinate (displacement in y-direction)/m Velocity(v)/ms-1 Acceleration(a)ms-2 BR /0.00E+00 -5.80E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 BR /1.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.54E-02 1.02E-02 -1.30E-02 BR /2.00E+00 6.67E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 5.20E-01 7.99E+00 BR /3.00E+00 1.33E-01 -1.63E-02 0.00E+00 3.67E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /4.00E+00 2.00E-01 1.43E-02 -2.04E-03 4.59E-01 1.38E+00 BR /5.00E+00 2.67E-01 3.87E-02 -4.08E-03 3.67E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /6.00E+00 3.33E-01 6.73E-02 -4.08E-03 4.28E-01 9.17E-01 BR /7.00E+00 4.00E-01 8.97E-02 -4.08E-03 3.36E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /8.00E+00 4.67E-01 1.08E-01 -8.15E-03 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /9.00E+00 5.33E-01 1.30E-01 -4.08E-03 3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /1.00E+01 6.00E-01 1.45E-01 -6.11E-03 2.14E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /1.10E+01 6.67E-01 1.57E-01 -6.11E-03 1.83E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.20E+01 7.33E-01 1.57E-01 -8.15E-03 0.00E+00 -2.75E+00 BR /1.30E+01 8.00E-01 1.63E-01 -1.02E-02 9.17E-02 1.38E+00 BR /1.40E+01 8.67E-01 1.57E-01 -1.02E-02 -9.17E-02 -2.75E+00 BR /1.50E+01 9.33E-01 1.53E-01 -1.02E-02 -6.11E-02 4.59E-01 BR /1.60E+01 1.00E+00 1.39E-01 -1.02E-02 -2.14E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /1.70E+01 1.07E+00 1.22E-01 -8.15E-03 -2.45E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.80E+01 1.13E+00 1.04E-01 -1.02E-02 -2.75E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.90E+01 1.20E+00 8.56E-02 -6.11E-03 -2.75E-01 6.64E-06 BR /2.00E+01 1.27E+00 6.11E-02 -2.04E-03 -3.67E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.10E+01 1.33E+00 3.87E-02 2.04E-03 -3.36E-01 4.59E-01 BR /2.20E+01 1.40E+00 8.15E-03 -2.04E-03 -4.59E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /2.30E+01 1.47E+00 -1.63E-02 0.00E+00 -3.67E-01 1.38E+00 BR /2.40E+01 1.53E+00 -4.69E-02 2.04E-03 -4.59E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.50E+01 1.60E+00 -8.36E-02 8.15E-03 -5.50E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.60E+01 1.67E+00 -1.08E-01 1.43E-02 -3.67E-01 2.75E+00 BR /2.70E+01 1.73E+00 -1.32E-01 1.63E-02 -3.67E-01 -7.58E-06 BR /2.80E+01 1.80E+00 -1.59E-01 1.63E-02 -3.97E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /2.90E+01 1.87E+00 -1.81E-01 1.83E-02 -3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /3.00E+01 1.93E+00 -2.02E-01 2.04E-02 -3.06E-01 4.59E-01 BR /3.10E+01 2.00E+00 -2.26E-01 2.65E-02 -3.67E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /3.20E+01 2.07E+00 -2.41E-01 2.85E-02 -2.14E-01 2.29E+00 BR /3.30E+01 2.13E+00 -2.47E-01 2.85E-02 -9.17E-02 1.83E+00 BR /3.40E+01 2.20E+00 -2.59E-01 3.06E-02 -1.83E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /3.50E+01 2.27E+00 -2.65E-01 3.06E-02 -9.17E-02 1.38E+00 BR /3.60E+01 2.33E+00 -2.71E-01 3.06E-02 -9.17E-02 1.86E-07 BR /3.70E+01 2.40E+00 -2.55E-01 3.06E-02 2.45E-01 5.04E+00 BR /3.80E+01 2.47E+00 -2.43E-01 2.85E-02 1.83E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /3.90E+01 2.53E+00 -2.32E-01 2.85E-02 1.53E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.00E+01 2.60E+00 -2.20E-01 2.65E-02 1.83E-01 4.59E-01 BR /4.10E+01 2.67E+00 -1.98E-01 2.45E-02 3.36E-01 2.29E+00 BR /4.20E+01 2.73E+00 -1.79E-01 2.24E-02 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /4.30E+01 2.80E+00 -1.57E-01 2.24E-02 3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /4.40E+01 2.87E+00 -1.30E-01 1.83E-02 3.97E-01 9.17E-01 BR /4.50E+01 2.93E+00 -1.06E-01 1.22E-02 3.67E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.60E+01 3.00E+00 -8.36E-02 1.02E-02 3.36E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.70E+01 3.07E+00 -4.28E-02 6.11E-03 6.11E-01 4.13E+00 BR /4.80E+01 3.13E+00 -1.83E-02 6.11E-03 3.67E-01 -3.67E+00 BR /4.90E+01 3.20E+00 1.43E-02 4.08E-03 4.89E-01 1.83E+00 BR /5.00E+01 3.27E+00 3.87E-02 2.04E-03 3.67E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.10E+01 3.33E+00 6.93E-02 -4.08E-03 4.59E-01 1.38E+00 BR /5.20E+01 3.40E+00 9.17E-02 -2.04E-03 3.36E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.30E+01 3.47E+00 1.14E-01 -2.04E-03 3.36E-01 9.00E-07 BR /5.40E+01 3.53E+00 1.32E-01 -2.04E-03 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /5.50E+01 3.60E+00 1.43E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.60E+01 3.67E+00 1.53E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 2.12E-14 BR /5.70E+01 3.73E+00 1.63E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 1.19E-06 BR /5.80E+01 3.80E+00 1.55E-01 -4.08E-03 -1.22E-01 -4.13E+00 BR /5.90E+01 3.87E+00 1.47E-01 -4.08E-03 -1.22E-01 1.21E-14 BR /6.00E+01 3.93E+00 1.41E-01 -6.11E-03 -9.17E-02 4.59E-01 BR /6.10E+01 4.00E+00 1.35E-01 -6.11E-03 -9.17E-02 -1.86E-07 BR /6.20E+01 4.07E+00 1.26E-01 -6.11E-03 -1.22E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /6.30E+01 4.13E+00 1.08E-01 0.00E+00 -2.75E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /6.40E+01 4.20E+00 8.56E-02 -4.08E-03 -3.36E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /6.50E+01 4.27E+00 6.11E-02 -4.08E-03 -3.67E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /6.60E+01 4.33E+00 3.26E-02 -2.04E-03 -4.28E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /6.70E+01 4.40E+00 6.11E-03 2.04E-03 -3.97E-01 4.59E-01 BR /6.80E+01 4.47E+00 -2.65E-02 2.04E-03 -4.89E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /6.90E+01 4.53E+00 -5.30E-02 8.15E-03 -3.97E-01 1.38E+00 BR /7.00E+01 4.60E+00 -8.36E-02 8.15E-03 -4.59E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /7.10E+01 4.67E+00 -1.10E-01 8.15E-03 -3.97E-01 9.17E-01 BR /7.20E+01 4.73E+00 -1.43E-01 1.83E-02 -4.89E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /7.30E+01 4.80E+00 -1.59E-01 1.43E-02 -2.45E-01 3.67E+00 BR /7.40E+01 4.87E+00 -1.88E-01 2.04E-02 -4.28E-01 -2.75E+00 BR /7.50E+01 4.93E+00 -2.06E-01 2.04E-02 -2.75E-01 2.29E+00 BR /7.60E+01 5.00E+00 -2.16E-01 2.04E-02 -1.53E-01 1.83E+00 BR /7.70E+01 5.07E+00 -2.38E-01 2.65E-02 -3.36E-01 -2.75E+00 BR /7.80E+01 5.13E+00 -2.49E-01 2.85E-02 -1.53E-01 2.75E+00 BR /7.90E+01 5.20E+00 -2.55E-01 2.85E-02 -9.17E-02 9.17E-01 BR /8.00E+01 5.27E+00 -2.59E-01 2.85E-02 -6.11E-02 4.59E-01 BR /8.10E+01 5.33E+00 -2.57E-01 2.85E-02 3.06E-02 1.38E+00 BR /8.20E+01 5.40E+00 -2.51E-01 2.85E-02 9.17E-02 9.17E-01 BR /8.30E+01 5.47E+00 -2.43E-01 3.06E-02 1.22E-01 4.59E-01 BR /8.40E+01 5.53E+00 -2.30E-01 2.65E-02 1.83E-01 9.17E-01 BR /8.50E+01 5.60E+00 -2.16E-01 2.65E-02 2.14E-01 4.59E-01 BR /8.60E+01 5.67E+00 -1.96E-01 2.65E-02 3.06E-01 1.38E+00 BR /8.70E+01 5.73E+00 -1.71E-01 2.24E-02 3.67E-01 9.17E-01 BR /8.80E+01 5.80E+00 -1.63E-01 2.04E-02 1.22E-01 -3.67E+00 BR /8.90E+01 5.87E+00 -1.22E-01 1.63E-02 6.11E-01 7.34E+00 BR /9.00E+01 5.93E+00 -9.78E-02 1.22E-02 3.67E-01 -3.67E+00 Experimental results in graphical representation: Analysis: (a) Shape of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs From the experimental results and the graphs plotted above, it appears clearly that the displacement-time, velocity-time are in the form of sine and cosine curves respectively. For acceleration-time, due to errors in marking, may not appear as clear as sine curves. It can be seen more clearly after drawing a trend line. (b) Value of amplitude A and ? it can be read from the graph of x against time that the amplitude is within the range of 0.15-0.25m. Also, read from the graph, ?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.0s (c) The phase relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration By comparing the graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time, it can be seen that the velocity leads the displacement by a quarter of the cycle, and the acceleration leads the velocity also by a quarter of the cycle. (d) The relationship between acceleration and displacement in a simple harmonic motion From the graph of acceleration against displacement x, the points tend to form a straight line going through the origin with a negative slope. It can be deduced that acceleration is directly proportional to displacement in a simple harmonic motion and is in an opposite direction to x. Error and Accuracy: Errors Systematic Error Random Error The motion of the spring system is not entirely vertical. The half-metre rule is not clamped vertically. The origin is not marked very accurately in the MVA software. The two ends of the half-metre rule are not marked accurately in the MVA software. The position of mass marked for each time interval may not be the same for all time intervals. There may be a damping effect by air resistance. The spring may not be perfectly elastic (1) The motion of the spring system is not entirely vertical No matter how carefully we set the motion off, the spring may not be moving vertically all throughout the motion. It may swing to and fro instead, hence the motion may not be entirely a simple harmonic motion, causing deviations in displacement obtained. (2) The half-metre rule is not clamped vertically The half-metre rule is not entirely vertical, so the marked points on the MVA software do not indicate an actual distance of 0.5 m. As the MVA software requires the setting of the end points of the half-metre rule as a reference to locate the displacement, the displacement at each time interval does not reflect the true value of the displacement. (3) The origin is not marked very accurately in the MVA software The inaccuracy of the centre of mass marked in the MVA software will result in the shifting up or down of the graphs of displacement, velocity and acceleration against time. (4) The two ends of the half-metre rule are not marked accurately in the MVA software As the two ends of the half-metre rule may not be marked accurately in the MVA software, the distance marked may not be exactly 0.5 m. Same as error (2), as the MVA software requires the setting of the end points of the half-metre rule as a reference to locate the displacement, the displacement at each time interval does not reflect the true value of the displacement. (5) The position of mass marked for each time interval may not be the same for all time intervals It is difficult to locate the mass at the same position for each time interval, therefore the displacement obtained is not accurate for each time interval. (6) There may be a damping effect by air resistance Air resistance exists, hence a damping force acts on the mass in motion, resulting in smaller and smaller amplitude obtained and also causing deviations in displacement. (7) The spring may not be perfectly elastic As the spring provided may not be perfect, the whole motion may not be entirely a simple harmonic motion. The graphs obtained from the experimental results may not truly reflect the characteristics of a simple harmonic motion. Conclusion The velocity leads the displacement by a quarter of the cycle, and the acceleration leads the velocity also by a quarter of the cycle. Also, the acceleration is directly proportional to displacement in a simple harmonic motion and is in an opposite direction to x. Possible improvements of the experiment 1. A heavier mass could be used to obtain a smoother motion. 2. If possible, more trials can be done to average out the random errors and obtain a better result.

Cerebellar Lesions :: Neurology Health Medical Essays

Cerebellar Lesions According to an article by Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D., each of the deep cerebellar nuclei maintains a semi-independent map of the human body (2000). The cerebellum is tonically active, and is presumed to exert a stabilizing influence on motor function; accordingly, it is functionally responsible for coordination and smooth fine tuning of movement, in addition to influencing timing. Not only is the cerebellum associated with motor functioning, but, importantly, also with classical conditioning: e.g., the learning of new motor programs (Joseph, 2000). It is associated with the acquisition if finely skilled movements, such as playing an instrument, playing a sport, and performance dance. Interestingly, as motor information is acquired, it takes time for the cerebellum to acquire control over the specific task. With the notion of â€Å"practice makes perfect,† task control shifts from conscious cortical control (active, practicing memory) to the subconscious realm and control of the cerebellum. Hence, the cerebellum plays an integrated and important part in complex learning and memory (Joseph, 2000.) During early learning stages, cerebellar climbing fibers are activated, and mossy fibers seem to modulate and to monitor ongoing and related activity in the learning context. Lesions occurring in the cerebellum have the unfortunate effect of abolishing conditioned response acquisition and retention. Such lesions and/or diseases cause motor incoordination called ataxia, with symptoms of tremors, instability and teetering, and an inability to maintain regular movement of tempo (nanonline.org). There are three known major cerebellar syndromes. The vestibulocerebellar cortex controls movement of the eyes and body relating to gravity and turning of the head in space; damage to this area results in ataxia gait and stance, as described above. The spinocerebellar system, which receives information via rapid spinocerebellar pathways during the duration of movement, modulates and smoothes that movement. Lesions occurring in the spinocerebellar system are a result of chronic alcoholism and thiamine deficiency (nanonline.org, Joseph, 2000), and results in difficulty producing rapid and smooth movements. There occurs a prominent shuffle, wide gait, and hesitating steps, with ataxia, tremor and difficulty in lower limb coordination. Lastly, lesions of the cerebrocerebellum (neocerebellum) have blatant effects on well- learned volitional movements, as it has direct pathways with cerebral cortex motor control regions. Several symptoms exist to suggest cerebellar lesions. Joseph (2000) reports a study by Gordon Holmes (1971, 1939) that investigated cerebellar disturbances following gunshot wounds. Deficits involved voluntary/skilled motor function, gait ataxia, dysarthria (loss of proprioceptive input), asynergia (loss of

Admissions Essay - The Art of Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay - The Art of Medicine Once upon a time, it seems, physicians were wise and good, and medicine was an art. That's the feeling I get reading from the Chahar Maqala, tales from a time when doctors diagnosed lovesick princes from a urine sample, a pulse, and a review of local geography. American medicine in the late 20th century seems considerably less romantic. Protocols and seven-minute patient visits are supposed to leave physicians tracking blood pressure readings and calibrating Prozac prescriptions. There's no time for wisdom in an HMO, or so the wiser and more ancient of current physicians lament. So it was with certain trepidation that I spent a day last December in an internist's office. The morning started slowly, with a 63 year old woman with a history of hypertension, back in the office four months after her pills ran out. Her blood pressure, not surprisingly, was high. The doctor reminded her, wearily, to call the office for refills. She nodded. "Compliance," he told me, as we left the exam room, "is our biggest problem." As the day wore on, a steady procession of patients made their way into exam rooms, worried about menopause, stuffy sinuses, colds caught from grandchildren, and all that ails retirees in late December. Just before lunch, an 86-year-old man edged his way into an exam room, dividing his weight between his cane and his wife. "Yesterday, I felt like I couldn't breath," he said. "I can't leave the house. I get too tired." I'd been warned that I would help take the history on this patient, and I was planning out my questions. A pulmonary complaint - "I can't breath" -- elicit a standard list, designed to distinguish heart failure from pneumonia from various other ailments - when did the shortness of breath start? Had he noticed he was more tired recently when he walked or exercised? Did he sleep with lots of pillows to prop him up when he slept? Did he feel pain in his chest when he inhaled? Exhaled? My mind was racing. The doctor, meanwhile, was interested in golf. "Do you get out on the greens at all?," he asked. The patient sighed. "No, I'll fall down, can't walk that far. I'm too tired. I can't breath." After asking the patient's wife to leave the room, the doctor told him to undress. Admissions Essay - The Art of Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays Admissions Essay - The Art of Medicine Once upon a time, it seems, physicians were wise and good, and medicine was an art. That's the feeling I get reading from the Chahar Maqala, tales from a time when doctors diagnosed lovesick princes from a urine sample, a pulse, and a review of local geography. American medicine in the late 20th century seems considerably less romantic. Protocols and seven-minute patient visits are supposed to leave physicians tracking blood pressure readings and calibrating Prozac prescriptions. There's no time for wisdom in an HMO, or so the wiser and more ancient of current physicians lament. So it was with certain trepidation that I spent a day last December in an internist's office. The morning started slowly, with a 63 year old woman with a history of hypertension, back in the office four months after her pills ran out. Her blood pressure, not surprisingly, was high. The doctor reminded her, wearily, to call the office for refills. She nodded. "Compliance," he told me, as we left the exam room, "is our biggest problem." As the day wore on, a steady procession of patients made their way into exam rooms, worried about menopause, stuffy sinuses, colds caught from grandchildren, and all that ails retirees in late December. Just before lunch, an 86-year-old man edged his way into an exam room, dividing his weight between his cane and his wife. "Yesterday, I felt like I couldn't breath," he said. "I can't leave the house. I get too tired." I'd been warned that I would help take the history on this patient, and I was planning out my questions. A pulmonary complaint - "I can't breath" -- elicit a standard list, designed to distinguish heart failure from pneumonia from various other ailments - when did the shortness of breath start? Had he noticed he was more tired recently when he walked or exercised? Did he sleep with lots of pillows to prop him up when he slept? Did he feel pain in his chest when he inhaled? Exhaled? My mind was racing. The doctor, meanwhile, was interested in golf. "Do you get out on the greens at all?," he asked. The patient sighed. "No, I'll fall down, can't walk that far. I'm too tired. I can't breath." After asking the patient's wife to leave the room, the doctor told him to undress.

Women Are Better Parents Than Men

Both mothers and fathers contribute to their full extent and provide us with utmost facilities. The try to give their children with best clothes to wear , provide good foods to eat etc , so that their children get proper development. All that parents earn is for their children so that they can have settled life . They provide their children with best possible education so that their children can stand on their own and compete in the world later on . Most of the fathers do jobs so that they best earn for their children and provide their families with a happy life. The fathers usually become the role models for their children . Meanwhile , the mother take full care of their children and teaches them manners of how to live . The both parents are the best teacher for any child . Both parties have their important role as parents , and an ideal child is one that gets the support of both . However , now the question arises that who is better between the two? Whom do the children love the most. The mothers are one those who give birth to a child and suffer the pain during the early nourishment of a child . Most of the working women , when turns into a mother , have to sacrifice jobs , earnings etc . The mothers are more nurturing by birth . Every wife has a dream to become a mother ,so that she can give her love and care that God has gifted to her . It is by-nature that mothers are more loving and close towards their children than fathers . It doesn ‘t mean that fathers are not close to their children , but the feeling that a mother is gifted , cannot be matched by the fathers . Women also stay with their children more than men because men tend to be busy working. Most women are usually at home with their children, This provide children someone to be close to and who understands you. Once a women becomes a mother , she leaves her everything and her main goal is to give the child best care . The best time for a mother is to spend with their children . The mothers are by-nature more emotionally to their children . The mothers do everything for their children without complaining to anyone . Such as she cleans off all the mess of their children and feeds them. Due to psychological perspective, is that children are more important to their mothers than to their fathers. So at the end if you reflect on the facts and how the society think of it always goes to the women side. The children are more into their mother than father because of the treatment, love and care they get from their mother.

The eNotes Blog I Spy Ten of the Best Works AboutEspionage

I Spy Ten of the Best Works AboutEspionage Today, of course, we all learned of the death of Osama bin Laden by Navy SEALS, the culmination of years and years of military intelligence and super sleuthing. The world of espionage is undeniably fascinating and thousands of works, both fiction and nonfiction, have been written on the topic. If you cannot get enough spy stories, but have been burned by some stinkers, here is a list of the ten best out there, as recommended by loyal Official Blog readers. 1.   Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency by James Bamford From the Publishers Weekly review: With remarkable access to highly sensitive documents and information, Bamford takes the reader from the beginnings of NSA during the early cold war, through its roles in such watershed events as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War, to the amazingly sophisticated developments in information technology taking place within NSA today. What Bamford discovers is at times surprising, often quite troubling but always fascinating. In his conclusion, he is at once awed and deeply disturbed by what NSA can now do: ever more sophisticated surveillance techniques can mean ever greater assaults on the basic right of individual privacy. In a computer system that can store five trillion pages of text, anyone and everyone can be monitored. Writing with a flair and clarity that rivals those of the best spy novelists, Bamford has created a masterpiece of investigative reporting. 2.   Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBIS Robert Hanssen Betrayed America by David Wise From the Library Journal review: Journalist Wiseinterviewed Hanssens case psychiatrist and thus provides considerable informed discussion about motive. Was it for the money to support his big family, the thrill of playing a dangerous game, or to get back at a never-satisfied father? Hanssen apparently walked right into a Soviet office in 1979, which leads to the question whether the CIA and FBI were watching this office-and if not, why not? 3.   The Armies of the Night by Norman Mailer From Alfred Kazins 1968 review in the New York Times: The book cracks open the hard nut of American authority at the center, the uncertainty of our powerand, above all, the bad conscience that now afflicts so many Americans. Armies of the Night is a peculiarly appropriate and timely contribution to this moment of the national dramas, and among other things, it shows Mailer relieved of his vexing dualities, able to bring all his interests, concerns and actually quite traditional loyalties to equal focus. The form of this diary-essay-tract-sermon grew out of the many simultaneous happenings in Washington that weekend, out of the self-confidence which for writers is style, out of his fascination with power in American and his fear of it, out of his American self-dramatizing and his honest fear for his country. 4.   The Cuckoos Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage by Cliff Stoll From the Publishers Weekly review: A 75-cent discrepancy in billing for computer time led Stoll, an astrophysicist working as a systems manager at a California laboratory, on a quest that reads with the tension and excitement of a fictional thriller. Painstakingly he tracked down a hacker who was attempting to access American computer networks, in particular those involved with national security, and actually reached into an estimated 30 of the 450 systems he attacked. Initially Stroll waged a lone battle, his employers begrudging him the time spent on his search and several government agencies refused to cooperate. But his diligence paid off and in due course it was learned that the hacker, 25-year-old Markus Hess of Hanover, Germany, was involved with a spy ring. Eight members were arrested by the West German authorities but all but one were eventually released. Although the book will be best appreciated by the computer literate, even illiterates should be able to follow the technical complexities with little diffic ulty. 5.   Tinker, Tailor, Solider, Spy by John Le Carre A favorite among many responders, Le Carres novel Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy first appeared in 1974, is arguably Le Carrà ©s masterpiece and is surely one of the great spy novels of the 20th century. Loosely inspired by the career of Kim Philby, a Russian double agent who worked his way into the upper reaches of the British Secret Service, Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy tells the story of donnish, unprepossessing master spy George Smiley and his quest to identify the mole the deep-penetration agent who has turned Britains Intelligence Service (commonly known as the Circus) inside out. (From the Barnes and Noble review). 6.   Invitation to an Inquest: Reopening the Rosenberg Case by Walter and Miriam Schneir From the New York Review of Books: There have been several books on the Rosenberg case, none of them very satisfactory and at least two (taking diametric views of the case) quite appallingly bad. Invitation to an Inquest is in another category altogether. Mr. and Mrs. Schneir have not only examined the record with care but, going beyond the record and exhibiting the most admirable tenacity, have uncovered significant facts not previously brought to light. The net effect of their researches is to cast considerable doubt on the veracity of Harry Gold and David Greenglass, the principal witnesses against the Rosenbergs, and on that of Max Elitcher, who supplied the only testimony directly linking Morton Sobell to the alleged Rosenberg spy ring. If the information now brought forward by Mr. and Mrs. Schneir had been used by the defense at the time of the trial, the result might have been different. 7.   The Bourne Trilogy by Robert Ludlum Almost everyone who suggests Spy Favorites mentioned Ludlums Bourne Trilogy.   I havent read any of them, but my friends enthusiasm for the works have put the set on my summer reading list. If, like me, you are one of the few who does know what the books are about, here ya go: THE BOURNE IDENTITY: He has no past. And he may have no future. His memory is blank. He only knows that he was fished out of the Mediterranean Sea, his body riddled with bullets. There are a few clues: evidence that plastic surgery has altered his face, a Swiss bank account containing four million dollars, and a name: Jason Bourne. But he is marked for death, racing for survival through the layers of his buried past into a world of murderous conspirators led by the worlds most dangerous assassin, Carlos. And no one can help Bourne but the woman who once wanted to escape him. THE BOURNE SUPREMACY: In a Kowloon Cabaret, scrawled in a pool of blood, is a name the world wanted to forget: Jason Bourne. The Chinese vice-premier has been slain by a legendary assassin. World leaders ask the same fearful questions: Why has Jason Bourne come back? Who is the next to die? But US officials know the truth: there is no Jason Bourne. The name was created as cover for David Webb on his search for t he notorious killer Carlos. Someone else has taken the Bourne identity and unless he is stopped, the world will pay a devastating price. So Jason Bourne must live again. THE BOURNE ULTIMATUM: The worlds two deadliest spies in the ultimate showdown.Two men, each mysteriously summoned by telegram, witness a bizarre killing. The telegrams are signed Jason Bourne. Only they know Bournes true identity and understand the telegram is really a message from Bournes mortal enemy, Carlos, the worlds deadliest and most elusive terrorist. And they also know that he wants a final confrontation with Bourne. Now David Webb must do what he hoped he would never have to do again assume the terrible identity of Jason Bourne. 8.   The Hunt for Red October by Tom Clancy No list of best spy works would be complete without a nod to the master of the spy novel, Tom Clancy. In this popular work, which launced the authors career, The Hunt for Red October is   a deadly game of hide-and-seek played out in 18 days over 4000 miles of ocean. Red October is the Soviet Navys newest ballistic missile submarine. When the whole crew decides to defect, the Soviet fleet sets out to destroy it, while the US and British fleets attempt to prevent them. 9.   Eye of the Needle by Ken Follett There were several hearty recommendations for this novel from commentors. Eye of the Needle is about one enemy spy [who]  knows the secret of the Allies greatest deception, a brilliant aristocrat and ruthless assassin- code name: The Needle- who holds the key to the ultimate Nazi victory. Only one person stands in his way: a lonely Englishwoman on an isolated island, who is coming to love the killer who has mysteriously entered her life.    Written in 1978, Eye continues to enthrall readers. 10.   From Russia With Love by Ian Fleming Finally last, but certainly not least what list of best spy writing would be complete without an showing from Sir Ian Fleming, whose hero, James Bond 007, set the standard for the spy novel genre? In this classic tale from 1957, our hero has gotten himself into another fine mess as   Russias lethal SMERSH organization has targeted him for elimination. SMERSH has the perfect bait in the irresistible Tatiana Romanova, who lures 007 to Istanbul promising the top-secret Spektor cipher machine. But when Bond walks willingly into the trap, a game of cross and double-cross ensues, with Bond both the stakes and the prize.

How to Communicate Uncertainty When Speaking Japanese

How to Communicate Uncertainty When Speaking Japanese Most English speakers are probably not familiar with the subjunctive, as it only appears very rarely there. However, speakers of Spanish or French know it well, because they communicate theoretical ideas with if, might, or maybe by conjugating subjunctive verb forms. While there is no subjunctive mood or verb form in Japanese, there are several ways to express uncertainty.  Related concepts when learning the language include the conditional or potential. Darou, Deshou, and Tabun Darou is a plain form of deshou, and means will probably. The adverb tabun (perhaps) is sometimes added. Kare wa ashita kuru deshou.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ï ½ ¡ "He will probably come tomorrow." Ashita wa hareru darou.明æâ€" ¥Ã£  ¯Ã¦â„¢ ´Ã£â€šÅ'る㠁  Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã¯ ½ ¡ "It will be sunny tomorrow." Kyou haha wa tabun uchi ni iru deshou.ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦ ¯ Ã£  ¯Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ¶Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€ Ã£  ¡Ã£  «Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ï ½ ¡ "My mother will probably be home today." Darou or deshou are also used to form a tag question. In this case, you usually can tell the meaning from the context. Tsukareta deshou.çâ€" ²Ã£â€šÅ'㠁Ÿã  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ï ½ ¡ "You were tired, weren't you?" Kyou wa kyuuryoubi darou.ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ¯Ã§ µ ¦Ã¦â€"™æâ€" ¥Ã£   Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã¯ ½ ¡ "Today is a payday, isn't it?" Ka, Kashira, Kana, and Kamoshirenai Darou ka or deshou ka are used when guessing with doubt. Kashira is used only by females. A similar expression used by both genders is kana, though it is informal. These expressions are close to I wonder in English. Emi wa mou igirisu ni itta no darou ka.ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ'Ÿã  ¯Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€ Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ®Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£   Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€¹Ã¯ ½ ¡ "I wonder if Emi has already gone to England." Kore ikura kashira.㠁“ã‚Å'㠁„㠁 Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€"らï ½ ¡ "I wonder how much this is." Nobu wa itsu kuru no kana.㠁 ®Ã£  ¶Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã¦  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ¯ ½ ¡ "I wonder when Nobu will come." Kamoshirenai is used to express a sense of probability or doubt. It shows even less certainty than darou or deshou. It is used when you dont know all the facts and are often just guessing. It is similar to the English expression might be. The formal version of kamoshirenai is kamoshiremasen. Ashita wa ame kamoshirenai.明æâ€" ¥Ã£  ¯Ã©â€º ¨Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€"ã‚Å'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ "It might rain tomorrow." Kinyoubi desu kara, kondeiru kamoshiremasen.金æ›Å"æâ€" ¥Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã¯ ½ ¤ æ · ·Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€"ã‚Å'㠁 ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ¯ ½ ¡ "Since it is Friday, it might be busy." The last thing to mention is, darou and deshou cant be used when referring to ones own actions. For example, one would never say, Ashita watashi wa Kobe ni iku darou to communicate I might go to Kobe tomorrow. This would be grammatically incorrect. Kamoshirenai can be used in these situations, instead. Ashita watashi wa Kobe niiku kamoshirenai.明æâ€" ¥Ã§ § Ã£  ¯Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¦Ë† ¸Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€"ã‚Å'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ "I might go to Kobe tomorrow." Ashita ane wa Kobe ni iku darou.明æâ€" ¥Ã¥ §â€°Ã£  ¯Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¦Ë† ¸Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£   Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã¯ ½ ¡ "My sister might go to Kobe tomorrow." Practice Comparing Sentences Kare wa tabun kin-medaru o toru deshou.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ¶Ã£â€šâ€œÃ©â€¡â€˜Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' «Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€"る㠁 §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ï ½ ¡ "He will probably get the gold medal." Kare wa kin-medal o totta no kana.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã©â€¡â€˜Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' «Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€"㠁 £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ¯ ½ ¡ "I wonder if he got the gold medal." Kare wa kin-medaru o toru kamoshirenai.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã©â€¡â€˜Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' «Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€"る㠁‹ã‚‚㠁â€"ã‚Å'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ¯ ½ ¡ "He might get the gold medal."

What Authors Can Learn From The Walking Dead

What Authors Can Learn From The Walking Dead When Sheriff Rick Grimes rode on a horse across a deserted stretch of five-laned Atlanta highway, the stark imagery that would make The Walking Dead such an iconic tale was born.Did you know that Ricks horse was the first animal besides birds that was shown in The Walking Dead?Developed by Frank Darabont for AMC and based on the comic book series by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard, The Walking Dead debuted on October 31, 2010 and at one point attracted the most 18 to 49-year-old viewers of any cable or broadcast television series.So, what has made it so popular across audiences and multiple seasons? Much of it has to do with the writing, and there are several lessons The Walking Dead can teach authors about setting up an amazing, engaging story.Its all about peopleOne reason The Walking Dead appeals to such a large audience- some of which are not horror genre enthusiasts- is its intense focus on characterization. While there are zombies (known as walkers throughout the show), and in some episodes, a lot of zombies, the people dealing with them are the most important part of the story.The first perspective (and most important character arc of the series) audiences see is that of Sheriff Rick Grimes, a small-town cop who is shot in the line of duty and wakes up in the hospital only to discover that the world as he knew it had changed. As he struggles to understand what has happened, the audience is likewise confused at the famous imagery of the hospital doors smeared with blood reading Dont open, dead inside and the grotesquely deformed corpses lying unattended on the otherwise abandoned floors.From these opening scenes and continuing throughout the first episodes introducing the other survivors, viewers see a gamut of emotions and characters who handle the apocalypse in varying ways. Since it is an issue of survival, and since the normal rules of society no longer apply, the resulting humanity is fascinating to watch. Some lose their sanity, some become stronger, some give up- and each characters choice speaks volumes on who they are as a person.Interestingly enough, the ones who might be considered crazy in a non-apocalyptic world are the ones who not only survive- but thrive in a post-apocalypse setting. In the world of The Walking Dead, this contradiction makes logical sense. Yann Martel, author of Life of Pi, explains the concept like this: All living things contain a measure of madness that moves them in strange, sometimes inexplicable ways. This madness can be saving; it is part and parcel of the ability to adapt. Without it, no species would survive.Its this complicated dichotomy that gives The Walking Dead some of its most powerful moments and characters. In this way, the show appeals to audiences who might not enjoy the blood and gore, but are fascinated by the themes of human survival, community, and societal breakdown.Photo by Nathan Wright on UnsplashSocietal breakdown is a fascinating premiseWhile were on the to pic of the breakdown of society, lets also look at how The Walking Dead appeals to audiences for this very reason and why the premise is so fascinating. First, its important to notice that in The Walking Dead, as well as other stories and films about social collapse, a way of living that was once individual becomes collective. In survival situations, being alone can mean death and the group can provide necessary protection. This switch from self-preservation to group preservation is notable and creates dynamics that are fascinating on their own (without zombies lingering about).Second, social breakdown creates a need to re-establish order. In much the same way as William Goldings Lord of the Flies shows the process of this reclaiming of order, The Walking Dead gives us Rick Grimes who is intent on finding order in a world that seemingly has none. Then when some semblance of order is gained, another group or caravan of zombies threatens it yet again. This creates a powerhouse one-two punch of tension and suspense, keeping audiences engaged on a psychological level, episode after episode.Third, there is no better situation to see human beings at their most honest (be that good or bad). Human nature is never quite so revealed as it is in situations of survival during a social collapse, and concepts such as trusting others become literally a life or death situation at every turn. Rick Grimes understood this as the self-appointed protector of his group, and even letting another person into their camp became a heavy burden for him to bear, knowing that it could mean the death of those who trusted him for their protection.Audiences like seeing the weak become strongThe character arcs of Carl Grimes and Carol Peletier create some of the most memorable moments in The Walking Dead, and arguably, without these characters, the story wouldnt have the same appeal.Carl, Ricks young son who appears in the first episode onward, experiences the horrors of the zombie apocalypse from a young childs perspective. This perspective, within itself, creates incredible tension for the adults watching the show- particularly those with young children who perhaps vicariously envision their own child facing such horrors.Initially a shy boy, Carls character arc is one of innocence lost. But its also one in which a young boy becomes a survival-hardened teen, in many cases handling the groups encounters in a way thats mature beyond his years. In Season 3, episode 4 (Killer within), Carl experiences his most traumatic loss- the death of his mother, Lori Grimes, while she gave birth to his half-sister, Judith. Making the experience even worse, Carl is forced to shoot his mother before she reanimates into a zombie.Carl Grimes strength and resolve grows from season to season.From that point onward, Carls shooting and survival skills sharpen, but the toll that the apocalypse has taken on him is clearly delineated in the plot. He becomes depressed and sullen, and the third sea son witnesses him mercilessly killing a young boy who is surrendering. The fourth and remaining seasons- until his death in the midseason premiere of season 8- show Carl adjusting to his role of strong protector of his little sister, but the loss of innocence he clearly demonstrates is one of the most powerful parts of The Walking Dead story.Carol Peletier is another character whose arc moves from weak to strong, and her strength plays an important role in the story throughout multiple episodes. As the longest-living character on the show (to date), Carol was first introduced in the comics in the third issue of the first volume (Days Gone Bye) and the third episode (Tell It to the Frogs) of the television series first season.Her character is first introduced as an abused, submissive wife who meets up with Rick and Lori Grimes group after escaping with her husband and daughter to Atlanta. After her husband meets his death by one of the walkers, Carol begins to evolve into a strong, i ndependent, and brave woman who is arguably one of the favorite characters on the show. In the third seasons episode, This Sorrowful Life, another character, Merle, tells Carol that she has transformed from a scared little mouse afraid of her own shadow into someone much stronger. Then, after losing her daughter, she becomes closer to another of the shows most beloved characters, Daryl Dixon, and the two are quite often the groups best warriors throughout the remainder of the seasons.Carol Peletier is another character who becomes stronger over time.Carols character arc shows the same innocence lost that Carl experiences and she often makes the hard decisions for the group that no one else is able to morally make. For example, in season 4s Isolation episode, when a new disease begins to spread throughout the prison, Carol kills two infected people in their sleep and burns their bodies, thinking it would keep the others safe. She is banished from the group for this decision- a decisi on that ultimately did save the groups lives. In a later episode in season 4, Carol takes it upon herself to commit an even more disturbing act- shooting a mentally unstable child after the child killed her younger sister.In the unique cases of Carl and Carol, The Walking Deads writers enter into an exploration of the darker psychology of humanity, especially when forced to survive by any means necessary. These characters are not only some of the longest-living (in Carols case, the longest living) characters in the story- they are also some of the most intriguing. Their individual and mutual growth from weak to strong becomes a type of catalyst for many of the plots most significant events, as it simultaneously shows the price one must pay for strength in such circumstances.Audiences understand the darker parts of our natureFinally, I think one of the most important lessons The Walking Dead can teach writers is that many of us hold an innate pessimism toward our own darker natures. Thats why exploring this theme- particularly in an apocalyptic setting- works on so many levels.However, there are some critics who argue that The Walking Dead has lost its massive audience, particularly toward the later seasons and following the infamous baseball bat scene, because there is only so much exposure we can have to our darker selves before losing the stomach for it. In her article, What Really Happens After Societal Collapse, writer Rebecca Onion critiques The Walking Dead for taking this fascination too far. I had to finally stop following The Walking Dead, once one of my favorite shows, because I couldnt stand to watch the baseball bat scene, she writes. And then she quotes her colleagues response to that particular scene as the reason: Theres no trust in [the shows] world, no kindness, unless its exhibited by some soft-hearted fool whos about to end up as walker chow.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Globalization - Essay Example The increase of emission of green house-gases to the atmosphere has been the current global environmental challenge since it is a reality that global temperatures are increasing and it is a fact that human activity has been a major cause of this environmental problem since the atmosphere is getting concentrated with green house gases (Kemp, 1994). Climate change is a fundamental issue that will continue to affect the health of the future generations. Most of the natural resources on earth are non-renewable while their demand is overwhelmingly high and as a result of increased human activity to balance this phenomenon; technology has been implemented to overcome the challenges presented by this threat but not without some consequences of green house gas emissions which have eventually resulted to global warming (Kemp, 1994). Recent research has proven that the world temperatures are rising due to the human-induced green house emissions especially carbon dioxide, which is emitted as a result of combustion of fossil fuels, agriculture, and land clearing (Hams, 2004). Even though this effect was discovered in 1824, it has with time increased to intricate levels thus raising an international environmental concern. The sensitivity of climate is commonly rated according to the response of the equilibrium level of the green house gases and it is usually measured according to the response of temperature with reference to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. A minute increase in temperature can result to several global consequences like an increase in sea level as well as a dramatic change in precipitation patterns hence resulting to extreme weather conditions such as heat waves, draught, floods, tornados among others (Hams, 2004). As a result of environmental degradation, global warming is expected to continue even beyond 2100 and the rise of sea levels is also expected to continue past that time (Houghton, 1997). The effects of global warming negatively affe ct both the environment and human life through the rising sea levels, agricultural setbacks, ozone layer depletion, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather conditions, as well as the spread of diseases. It has been observed that the intensity, frequency, and power of hurricanes have increased annually from the 1970s and there has been a strong direct correlation between the tropical sea-surface temperature and the strength of the hurricanes. However, the relationship between global warming and hurricanes is still under controversy. A report released by the IPCC Working Group II confirmed that the consequences of global warming as a result of globalization has caused several deaths through extreme weather events like heat waves and flooding (Houghton, 1997). Primary and secondary consequences of global warming have been observed to influence human activities as well as ecological systems since some species have been forced out of their natural habitats as a result of unf avorable conditions presented by climate change (Hams, 2004). The life timing patterns have also changed thus affecting migration dates which create a predator-prey balance. As a result of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the ocean PH is reducing and this eventually leads to severe negative effects on coral reefs. The thawing of the tundra is another global environmental problem which has been on the

James Joyces Portrayal of Dublin as a Paralyzed Country Term Paper

James Joyces Portrayal of Dublin as a Paralyzed Country - Term Paper Example As Parrinder also states, â€Å"Dubliners betrays fewer illusions about Ireland and Joyce’s manner is rigorously detached and impartial. He is a naturalist to the extent that he allows the paralysis of the Dublin society to betray itself rather than analyzing it or denouncing it openly† (43-44). Moreover Joyce himself claims that, â€Å"My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis† (Leonard 320). Such a projection of paralysis is also observed in the stories, The Sisters, Eveline and The Dead. 1.1. The Sisters The story is depicted in first person narration illustrating a tale of a Priest’s death named Father Flynn. The narrator was a friend of the priest who depicts the tale of the incidents that take place after his death and struggles to collect clues about the sins of the Father for which the Father had wanted forgiveness. 1.2. Eveline Evel ine reiterates a story of a young woman. Since she was born she had lived an unhappy and a tough life. She had always desired for an escape from her life in Dublin although when fate presents her with that golden chance she does not have the courage to avail it because she is unable to ignore her other responsibilities and leave her past for a new future. 1.3. The Dead The Dead is one of the master pieces of James Joyce because in this story the author has incorporated the concentrate of all the themes that Joyce is observed to be developing in his other short stories. It has a variety of characters from various age groups who have gathered for a musicale. However the basic focus of the story is on Gabriel and the manner in which he deals with the people around him. 2. Projection of Paralysis In the story The Sisters it is stated, â€Å"I softly said the word paralysis†¦it sounded to me like the name of some maleficent and sinful being† (2) this comment can be interprete d as Joyce’s style of establishing his dislike for the condition of his countrymen in the first short story of his collection. The major thematic concerns that reflect this paralysis include religion and criticism of the Church, isolation, decay and escapism. C. A. Malcolm and D. Malcolm state that, â€Å"through his representative characters and carefully crafted environment, Joyce illuminates the forces that determine, but in such a way that we can see those forces as imprisoning, binding, paralyzing† (166). 2.1. Religion Religion is a recurring theme in most of Joyce’s short stories as he condemns the stifling strictures of catholic believes and hence he is observed to be criticizing and questioning the holy sacrament of the Catholic Church. However the characters symbolize the paralytic state of his countrymen who never questioned the actions of Church and wasted away their lives according to the stifling and confining bounds set by the Catholic Church. The manner in which the character of the priest is depicted in the story and the hint of his sins reiterates that although church is holy institution yet even the pious people commit sins although no one would ever voice out such an opinion. As the narrator says that he saw the priest in his dream as mentioned in the tex

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Case Analysis - Essay Example While exact documents are rare due to the private status of Fresh Direct as a company, there have been rumors that the company posted over $250,000,000 in revenue throughout 2009, making them a rare profitable ecommerce grocer. This distinction attracted the attention of British grocery giants Morrison Supermarkets PLC, who injected the company with an investment worth nearly $50,000,000 US in 2011 that gave them a 10% share. The company will face increased competition from large food retailers as they try to benefit from the growing market. Consumer attitudes about freshness will still be an issue, but it will also be faced by potential competitors. Fresh Direct should continue their progressive expansion into restaurants and new delivery territories as a means of continuing customer growth. Similarly, it would be advantageous to remain aware and adaptive to concerns about freshness and website limitations. This was a thorough and structured case study that provides a significant amount of information about the history of Fresh Direct and the various opportunities and challenges they continue to face in the online grocery

Meso-American civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Meso-American civilization - Essay Example when the Sumerians arrived in this region. Chinese civilization is among the oldest, dating back to before 3000 B.C. Early Indian civilization was highly developed as evidenced through the civilizations of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa that develop din the region of the valley of the river Indus and its tributaries. Egyptian civilization was one of the earliest to develop the system of writing through hieroglyphics (www. projectshum.org). Mesopotamian writing in the form of hieroglyphs also ranks among the earliest known in the world, with some Sumerian writing even older than the Egyptian. Writing among the Meso American civilizations developed later, also in the form of hieroglyphs with some phonetic elements, which were written in numerous columns or stelae. The ancient Indian scripts were in the form of the Indus script which has not yet been deciphered. The art of the Meso American period comprised massive stone sculptures more than two metres in height, of square jawed flat lipped warriors. This was similar to Mesopotamian art, which was also characterized by sculptures of gods in human forms, assuming a highly decorative aspect. Humans were also combined with animals to produce fantastic sculptures.(www.huntfor.com). The best known art work of the Chinese period is that which developed during the Ming dynasty, comprising vases and other decorative objects. One of the best known art works of the Egyptian period are the great pyramids of Giza and monumental statutes of the Pharoah. The first American monuments as constructed during the Meso American period are also pyramids which have religious significance and where pilgrims climb to the top, unlike the smooth sided pyramids of Egypt. Early Indian civilizations demonstrated well planned cities built of brick with wide streets, public and private bathing platforms and reservoirs.

A Look at Shanghai, Chinas Education System Essay

A Look at Shanghai, Chinas Education System - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  Chinese education highly depended on examinations at different levels. There were no formal institutions because only the socio-economically privileged and financially capable can afford such. Because of this system’s openness regardless of family background, the Civil Examination â€Å"drove almost all families...to have high hopes for their children’s future†.  As the paper stresses China’s education system had endured its hard times and struggled for its revival. The Cultural Revolution is traced as the root where China’s educational system was ruined in the country’s effort for so-called egalitarianism, which unfortunately backfired. When the revolution ended, the late 1970s and the 1980s were years of recovery in both economic and educational aspects. Schools started to open in various places, achieving universal primary education. Some cities like Shanghai opened vocational schools, and eventual ly China established a degree system for higher education. From the 1990s up to today, primary schools in China have high enrolment rates, as well as junior secondary schools. One of the noteworthy maneuvers in the system is China’s decentralization of education by providing different textbooks in the regions, but having the same universal primary education. In the 21st century, the system concentrates on higher education by mandating the increase of enrolling population. Confucianism in Chinese Education Confucius, regarded as a great Chinese thinker, was not concerned with man’s relationship to God or the universe, but rather emphasized on the importance of establishing the â€Å"conditions for an ethical society than to seek to answer answerable questions† (Ornstein & Levine, 2008, p.60). He created an educational system that had high regard for ethics and proper behavior, and respect for hierarchical relationships. He associates character education

Meso-American civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Meso-American civilization - Essay Example when the Sumerians arrived in this region. Chinese civilization is among the oldest, dating back to before 3000 B.C. Early Indian civilization was highly developed as evidenced through the civilizations of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa that develop din the region of the valley of the river Indus and its tributaries. Egyptian civilization was one of the earliest to develop the system of writing through hieroglyphics (www. projectshum.org). Mesopotamian writing in the form of hieroglyphs also ranks among the earliest known in the world, with some Sumerian writing even older than the Egyptian. Writing among the Meso American civilizations developed later, also in the form of hieroglyphs with some phonetic elements, which were written in numerous columns or stelae. The ancient Indian scripts were in the form of the Indus script which has not yet been deciphered. The art of the Meso American period comprised massive stone sculptures more than two metres in height, of square jawed flat lipped warriors. This was similar to Mesopotamian art, which was also characterized by sculptures of gods in human forms, assuming a highly decorative aspect. Humans were also combined with animals to produce fantastic sculptures.(www.huntfor.com). The best known art work of the Chinese period is that which developed during the Ming dynasty, comprising vases and other decorative objects. One of the best known art works of the Egyptian period are the great pyramids of Giza and monumental statutes of the Pharoah. The first American monuments as constructed during the Meso American period are also pyramids which have religious significance and where pilgrims climb to the top, unlike the smooth sided pyramids of Egypt. Early Indian civilizations demonstrated well planned cities built of brick with wide streets, public and private bathing platforms and reservoirs.

Basic law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic law - Essay Example A substitution might be necessary if the court decided a litigation guardian did not act in the best interests of the minor (Queen’s Bench Rules 2008). 5. The burden of proof in this case is carried by Gina Shez Maria Sobello, Jai Desmond Sorbello and Andre Giovani Sorbello. 6. The test of intention leads the court to the statement that it is permissible to have regard to the subsequent conduct of the parties for the purpose of ascertaining whether the intention to be attributed to them was to make a binding agreement or otherwise. 7. The common law presumptions the courts rely upon in deciding if the parties intended to be legally bound is that in social or domestic situations legal relations are not intended. In a business context, however, the courts will presume that the agreement was indented to be legally bounding. In relation to social cases such presumptions can be rebutted in an attempt to show that there was an attempt for legal relations (Online Legal Coach 2008). 8 . The English case mentioned in the process is Balfour v Balfour[1919] 2 KB 571; 35 T.L.R. 609 , King's Bench: a husband who worked abroad promised his wife who in England to sent 30 pounds monthly. Then they divorced and she brought that action for the money he promised to her but didn’t pay (Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571; 35 T.L.R. 609). 9. The Queensland case cited in the judgment is Riches v Hogben [1986] 1 Qd R 315: a man agreed that his mother would give him a house in Australia if he moved there to take care of her. The family gave up his rent-free house, sold a car and other belongings to depart to Australia on time. The mother bought a house, however, did not put it in his name, but on hers, and made the man’s family leave her house. The son then sued in order to enforce the contract with the mother. The Full Court, however, found the contract unenforceable (Heffey, Paterson and Hocker 1998). Mullins J refers to Riches v Hogben stating that â€Å"It is pe rmissible to have regard to the subsequent conduct of the parties for the purpose of ascertaining whether the intention to be attributed to them was to make a binding agreement or otherwise† (Sorbello & Ors v. Sorbello & Anor [2005] QSC 219) 10. Mullins J concluded that the first defendant (John Sorbello) was an honest witness. As a result, John’s evidence evidence on the events was preferred to that of Mrs Anderson or Gina. 11. The order of the court was that the proceeding be dismissed. 12. Regarding the costs of the case, it was decided that Mrs Anderson, as his litigation guardian, was ordered responsible for any costs ordered against Andre. However, the issue of whether she should be ordered to pay all the costs of both defendants was questioned by the judge who promised to hear submissions from both parties regarding the costs. 13. I believe the decision was fair. There was no formal (written) contract. Part B 1. Considering that Harry, who was willing to sell the bar, is representing a business entity, here a contract between Monty and Harry according to the common presumption that in business situations legal relations are intended. Furthermore, the court would assume that the agreement was indented to be legally bounding. In addition, since option is a contract that signifies one party’s intention to acquire a legal right to buy something (Farlex, Inc.

Fashion Marketing of Sephora Essay Example for Free

Fashion Marketing of Sephora Essay It is a member of LVMH group that surrounds the most influential indulgence brands from all over the world. Currently, it’s the retailer of perfumes and cosmetics in US and the second largest is in Europe. It also offers the latest beauty trends, tips from the experts and whole selection of creative gifts. Its commitment to excellence in quality and customer service and well trained and dedicated employees. Sephoras targeting market: Females and Males of any age and race. Celebrities and socialites have a major impact on todays society. When Sephora comes out with new products, trends and make up ideas they know that we cannot resist being that almost everyone in society strives for a flawless look. Sephora cosmetics have keen eye when on latest fashion trends when producing their products. They have such a keen eye because they know that as time goes on and generations past fashion changes. Sometimes fashion moves forward and sometimes the fashion of today are trends seen yesterday. Whichever way you look at it Sephora knows our lifestyles change so they make sure their products change to accommodate our way of living. Demographic factors: Race: All around the world you find and you see different people of different races, cultures and languages. Because of the diversity in our society Sephora makes products that go with all skin types. Age:Â   Sephora has a huge selection of make- up being that the ages of their customers range from 10 and up. For the younger generation, Sephora has a huge selection of Lip balms, lotions and nail polishes. For teens, Sephora has a huge selection of everything ranging from Lipstick, Lip-gloss, Blush, Eye shadow, and Mascara etc.

Structure of Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia

Structure of Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational structure of a company and how it can be applied or beneficial to the company that have chosen. Supporting research and statements are clearly explained throughout this report. Here, Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia has been chosen as the main subject of this study. Introduction Carlsberg Group was founded by J.C. Jacobsen in 1847. Since then, it has made its prestigious position to the worlds fourth largest brewery group. The headquarters of the Carlsberg Group is at Copenhagen, Denmark. Carlsberg Group extended their business to others market areas. Currently, there are more than 50 Carlsberg breweries around the world, and Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia is one of it. Carlsberg Malaysia has incorporated in December 1969. Its expanded brand portfolio includes Jolly Shandy Lemon, SKOL Super beer, Carlsberg Green Label as well as non-alcoholic drinks. Due to the high quality of beer products, Carlsberg Malaysia has led the Malaysia Sales Market and left an effective impact on the economic growth. Organization structure is important to deal with in the organizations development. And yet, a clear and an effective organization structure is the major factor and force to lead Carlsberg Malaysia in their businesss development and growth. Designing Organizational Structure Management is the major issue in operating a business, it involves four functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling whereas organizing is an indispensable step to lead a business to grow. Organizing is an important process for the managers to design a formal organizations structure. As stated by Schermerhorn, Jr. (2011), the way in which the various parts of an organization are formally arranged is usually referred to as the organization structure. Organization structure identifies roles, responsibilities and tasks of each job position and the relationships among these positions. It must be coordinated and grouped in a logical manner in order to achieve the organizations objectives. Organization structure can be shown visually in an organizational chart. Drawing an organization chart is beneficial to the top layer management of Carlsberg Malaysia. When drawing it, those managers are forced to analyze the relationships between each job position and this may help them to make improvements. When managers design or create their organization structure, they must engaged in six key elements: work specialization, departmentalization, span of control, chain of command, centralization and decentralization, and formalization. Work Specialization The term work specialization, is to describe the process of dividing work activities in an organization into separate job tasks. Its also known as division of labor. Managers of Carlsberg Malaysia have put so much efforts on this step to design the effective organization structure. In order to increase the work output, they specialize each employee in doing a particular task rather than entire task. Moreover, there are some tasks that require highly-developed skills whereas some tasks only require lower skills, the managers use work specialization to make efficient use of the difference of skills that the employees or workers own. This approach is obviously beneficial in the manufacturing department of Carlsberg Malaysia. There are various types of brands manufactured under the organization. With this approach, every worker only participate in a single task or aspect of the production. For instance, one worker participates in the production of the SKOL Super Beer, another works for the Carlsberg Green Label, and so forth. Each worker could increase productivity and perform the maximize efficiency because they concentrate on their job task. Departmentalization After job tasks have been separated through work specialization, they are grouped together so that common or related work activities can be done in an integrated way. The basis of how jobs are grouped back together is called Departmentalization. Some of the standard and common forms of departmentalization used include functional, geographical, product, process, customer and etcetera. The way that Carlsberg Malaysia utilized to group activities is by functions and it can be evidently seen in the organization chart. The chart shows the functional structure of the organization, with top management followed by the functions of business development, marketing, human resources, financial and so on. In Carlsberg Malaysia, people with similar skills or performing the similar job tasks are grouped into work units. Each department will have the experts and the experts will be given the authority to make decisions within their areas of expertise. Following are the benefits of functional structure towards the organization: High level of efficiency and productivity performed by the employees because they experienced the same job tasks. Employees are easier to train because they only concentrate on specific and narrow areas. Job tasks tend to be done consistently because common knowledge share within the experts and specialists. Chain of command The organization chart that declared before in the report shows the well-structured chain of command, which identifies the relationship between the superior and subordinate. Robbins Coulter (2012) commented that chain of command is the line of authority extending from upper organizational levels to lower levels, which clarifies who reports to whom. When the organization grow in size, the chain of command tend to become taller and there will be more layers of management. Suppose an employee from Sales Department had a problem. He or she may come up with the question like: Who would help him or her to resolve the issues? This question can be solved by the following principle. Chain of command has underlying principle, which is the unity of command. The principle of chain of command states that an employee should report to only one manager. Working in Carlsberg Malaysia, each employee understand whom to report or responsible to. They are assigned to the respective managers. For example, salesperson only will report to the head of the Sales Department. Span of control Span of control can be defined as the number of subordinates that report directly to and effectively manage by a manager. It is an important consideration in how efficient Carlsberg Malaysia will be. The appropriate span must be concerned in management because it affects coordination. Tall organization structure has narrow span of control, while flat organization structure has wide span of control. Management of Carlsberg Malaysia classified as narrow span of control. Each manager has fewer subordinates to supervise. The managers are able to administer and control the subordinates closely, thus they will have more time to train their underling. However, narrow spans have certain drawbacks such as vertical communication will be become more complex and hence the decision making will be slow down, higher costs due to high level of management hierarchy, and others. Centralization and Decentralization Should most decision be made at the top levels of an organization, or should they be dispersed by extensive delegation throughout all levels of management? (Schermerhorn, Jr. , 2011, p.251) Centralization refers to the degree of authority for decision making at the upper levels of an organization, decentralization is the distribution of authority for decision making to the lower-level employees. Generally, small firms or company that started off in the hands of a founding family often use centralized organizational structure. Each conception offers pros and cons for the organization. Carlsberg Malaysia is a decentralized organization. The top management offers the employees authority to make decision as they are closer to the problem and they have more detailed knowledge and experiences about it so that they can act more quickly to give solution to the problem. For example, Carlsberg Malaysia offers their sales department adequate authority on choosing what method to promote the new product rather than enforce them to promote in traditional ways. Decentralized structure takes some burden of day-to-day non-important problem solving off the top management, so they are left free to put more effort on their strategic planning, higher-level decision making and important financial decisions. Moreover, decentralization provides low-level employee with crucial experience in making decision. With this experience, they would be well prepared to act decisively after they are promoted into higher-level positions. Formalization Nowadays, employees are expected to deal with the same input in exactly the same way and provide a consistent output. This is a highly formalized organizations expectation. As indicated by Robbins Coulter (2012), formalization refers to how standardized an organizations jobs are and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures. When formalization is high, the organization offers specific job descriptions, many organizational rules, and clear work processes. Conversely, in a low formalized organization, the employee will have more freedom in how they do their work. To make a more flexible working environment, Carlsberg Malaysia tends to become low formalized organization although formalization is needed for consistent control. Rules may be too restrictive in some situations. Thus, they give the employees sufficient independence to make decisions that they feel the best under the circumstances and would not affect the organizations reputation. However, it does not mean the employees do not need to obey the organizational rules and regulations since there will be some important staff policies such as not to use company computer to view social network like Facebook. Employee satisfaction will be increase by working in this freedom and positive working environment and employee turnovers rate will be reduced. Conclusion A well-organized internal structure is important for every organization to operate and run their business. Additionally, the size of the organization indicate the degree of work specialization, departmentalization, span of control, chain of command, centralization and decentralization and formalization required. Therefore, the management of Carlsberg Malaysia need to determine which structure will be the most effective for them.

Snakes And Ladders :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Snakes and Ladders by Gita Mehta is a book that celebrates India and its history. The author provides many short stories that try to show how India is trying to develop as a nation. She tells about the complex religious system, as well as cultural diversity, and the corruption of India’s government. She shows the reader many aspects of the experience of living in India, which Mehta clearly shows that she loves, but she attempts to remain neutral about the issues that she discusses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Indian nationalists were revolting against the British Empire, it changed the way of life in India. It let women have a more active role in everyday activities. Mehta’s father played a very active role in the revolutions; he used his house as a place for Indian nationalists to hide out for this he was placed in jail for several years. Her uncle was sentenced to seventeen years in a torture camp for different charges. Yet when asked what their worst memory of being under British rule was, they simply provided a simple story with not much significance. Now instead of being under British rule, the India people are under the rule of leaders that view themselves as being the person who drove the British out of India. One thing remains the same though, the people of India view their land as being their own, and that is what is important to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the major problems facing India is poverty among its people. India is one of the ten most industrialized countries in the world, they graduate around five million people from college each year, and they even have a space program more advanced than most European countries. Yet the people of India are still starving, they do not produce enough jobs for all of the college graduates, and despite the fact that they can travel into space, India has underdeveloped irrigation, and electrical grids.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the outskirts of Delhi, the author found people rummaging through garbage dumps. At first she thought that they were just homeless bums, but when she went into the dumps herself she found out that the people had been of a higher class, but tragedy landed them here. The people in the dumps were women and children searching though the dumps for scraps of iron, glass, or cloth. They would then sell these items to a contractor for money.

Ceramics of the North and South Coasts Essay -- Pottery Mochica Cerami

Ceramics of the North and South Coasts Ancient Peruvian Ceramics of the North Coast March 11, 1997 The first pottery pieces found in Peru were made somewhere between 1500 and 1000 b.p. The pieces were found in the central Andean region where a religious cult lived. This cult was called Chavà ­n, after the best known ceremonial center, Chavà ­n de Huà ¡ntar. The religious center was the home to massive temples that were highly embellished with low relief sculptures of gods, animals, and symbols. The pottery found in the area where vessels that were well made and highly decorated with a similar motif as the temples. But the evolution of Peruvian pottery becomes somewhat confusing and complex after this first civilization of potters. There is a division of people into the North Coast and the South Coast. The split created two styles of pottery, although similar, they never quite merge. I am only going to talk about the north coast traditions. On the North coast there are five cultures that evolve into the dominant Mochica style, which was one of the most vigorous and prosperous cultures of Ancient Peru. The next earliest North Coast style, other than the Chavà ­n, started with the Cupisnique people in the Chicama valley. Their ceramics â€Å"closely resembled those of highland Chavà ­n. They were well made and polished, though somewhat thick walled and heavy. The type of firing used produced a dark semireduced ware that varied from brownish gray to carbon black in color. Decoration consisted of bold, curvilinear human, feline, and birds of pray heads, eye patterns, pelt markings, and other brief symbols of geometric devices.† In the valley to the south of the Cupisnique were the Salinar people who someti me during the fifth century b.p. moved into the north coast of Peru and spread its influence throughout the Cupisnique area. Salinar pottery, â€Å"though deceptively primitive in ornamentation, was technologically superior to that of the Cupisnique. Vessels were made of well-prepared clays that were fully oxidized in firing, making them an even orange color. Cream and red slips were used to accentuate sculptural forms and create flat geometric patterns, but not to draw figurative motifs. The technical advances of the controlled oxidation firing and slip decoration soon had their effect on contemporary Cupisnique ceramics.† Personally, I enjoyed the bottle forms they used wi... ...V period they had an extensive kingdom established and it brought together the peoples of all the north coast valleys. The ceramics were decorated in flowing, expressive lines and the modeled vessels showed attention to individual detailed ornamentation. But the creative flow in the ceramic styles was hindered somewhat because of a strict militant rule of the warrior-priest class that was beginning. Yet this was still the most creative time for the Mochica people. The final period in Mochica ceramics, due to a collapse of the culture, brought an abrupt termination of the great art tradition that it had expressed so well. The vessels found from this period show a carelessness in painting designs, and less attention to details in the sculptural forms. Many of the figures modeled in to the vessels were warriors dressed for combat. The decline in quality that can be observed, and the nervousness and tension that were expressed in their designs and forms was related to the pressure from the militant expansionist group, the Wari. The struggle between the Mochica and the Wari, was long and fierce, ending in a total collapse of their culture and a loss a 1200 year ceramic tradition.

Computers in entertainment industry Essay

What is o.s? An operating System (OS) is an intermediary between users and computer hardware. It provides users an environment in which a user can execute programs conveniently and efficiently. In technical terms, it is software which manages hardware. An operating System controls the allocation of resources and services such as memory, processors, devices and information . Definition An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs. History- Early computers were built to perform a series of single tasks, like a calculator. Basic operating system features were developed in the 1950s, such as resident monitor functions that could automatically run different programs in succession to speed up processing. Operating systems did not exist in their modern and more complex forms until the early 1960s.[5] Hardware features were added, that enabled use of runtime libraries, interrupts, and parallel processing. When personal computers became popular in the 1980s, operating systems were made for them similar in concept to those used on larger computers. Functions of O.S- Operating system is a large and complex software consisting of several components. Each component of the operating system has its own set of defined inputs and outputs. Different components of OS perform specific tasks to provide the overall functionality of the operating system .Main functions of the operating system are as follows: Process Management— The process management activities handled by the OS are—(1) control access to shared resources like file, memory, I/O and CPU, (2) control execution of applications, (3) create, execute and delete a process (system process or user process), (4) cancel or resume a process (5) schedule a process, and (6) synchronization, communication and deadlock handling for processes. Figure :. Functions of OS Memory Management— The activities of memory management handled by OS are—(1) allocate memory, (2) free memory, (3) re-allocate memory to a program when a used block is freed, and (4) keep track of memory usage. File Management— The file management tasks include—(1) create and delete both files and directories, (2) provide access to files, (3) allocate space for files, (4) keep back-up of files, and (5) secure files. Device Management— The device management tasks handled by OS are—(1) open, close and write device drivers, and (2) communicate, control and monitor the device driver. Protection and Security— OS protects the resources of system. User authentication, file attributes like read, write, encryption, and back-up of data are used by OS to provide basic protection. User Interface or Command Interpreter— Operating system provides an interface between the computer user and the computer hardware. The user interface is a set of commands or a graphical user interface via which the user interacts with the applications and the hardware. Objective of O.s- Operating system is system software that controls and coordinates the use of hardware among the different application software and users. OS intermediates between the user of computer and the computer hardware. The user gives a command and the OS translates the command into a form that the machine can understand and execute. OS has two main objectives— (1) to make the computer system convenient and easy to use, for the user. (2) to use the computer hardware in an efficient way, by handling the details of the operations of the hardware. Types of O.S – OS are classified into different types depending on their capability of processing—(1) Single user, (2) Multiuser, (3) Multitasking, (4) Multiprocessing, (5) Real time, and (6) Embedded. Single User and Single Task OS is for use by a single user for a standalone single computer for performing a single task . Operating system for Personal Computers (PC) are single-user OS. For example, if the user is editing a document, then a document cannot be printed on the printer simultaneously. Single user OS are simple operating system designed to manage one task at a time. MS-DOS is an  example of single user OS. Figure :A single user performing a single task Single User and Multitasking OS allows execution of more than one task or process concurrently. For this, the processor time is divided amongst different tasks. This division of time is also called time sharing. The processor switches rapidly between processes. For example, the user can listen to music on the computer while writing an article using a word processor software. The user can switch between the applications and also transfer data between them . Windows 95 and all later versions of Windows are examples of multitasking OS. Figure :A single user performing multitasking (issuing print command and making drawings) Multiuser OS is used in computer networks that allow same data and applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time . The users can also communicate with each other. Linux, UNIX, and Windows 7 are examples of multiuser OS. Figure : Multiple users working on connected computers Multiprocessing OS have two or more processors for a single running process. Processing takes place in parallel and is also called parallel processing. Each processor works on different parts of the same task, or, on two or more different tasks. Since execution takes place in parallel, they are used for high speed execution, and to increase the power of computer. Linux, UNIX and Windows 7 are examples of multiprocessing OS. Real Time OS are designed to respond to an event within a predetermined time. These operating systems are used to control processes. Processing is done within a time constraint. OS monitors the events that affect the execution of process and respond accordingly. They are used to respond to queries in areas like medical imaging system, industrial control systems etc. LynxOS is an example of real time OS. Embedded OS is embedded in a device in the ROM. They are specific to a device and are less resource intensive. They are used in appliances like microwaves, washing machines, traffic control systems etc. Examples of O.S – UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems Unix was originally written in assembly language.[6] Ken Thompson wrote B, mainly based on BCPL, based on his experience in the MULTICS project. B was replaced by C, and Unix, rewritten in C, developed into a large, complex family of inter-related operating systems which have been influential in every modern operating system (see History). The UNIX-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major sub-categories including System V, BSD, and Linux. The name â€Å"UNIX† is a trademark of The Open Group which licenses it for use with any operating system that has been shown to conform to their definitions. â€Å"UNIX-like† is commonly used to refer to the large set of operating systems which resemble the original UNIX. Four operating systems are certified by The Open Group (holder of the Unix trademark) as Unix. HP’s HP-UX and IBM’s AIX are both descendants of the original System V Unix and are designed to run only on their respective ve ndor’s hardware. In contrast, Sun Microsystems’s Solaris Operating System can run on multiple types of hardware, including x86 and Sparc servers, and PCs. Apple’s OS X, a replacement for Apple’s earlier (non-Unix) Mac OS, is a hybrid kernel-based BSD variant derived from NeXTSTEP, Mach, and FreeBSD.

Emily Dickinson Essay

Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"I like the look of Agony† focuses people’s attention on great suffering and death. I personally find it to be cold and extremely cruel yet naturally truthful. Contrary to what it may seem, liking the look of agony is not a sadistic manner. It artistically implies how people respond to emotional sufferings and heartache. The poem itself shows the dramatic device of literature, which could be one way of showing her uniqueness and weirdness entertaining herself to go beyond the social norm. The author puts the sentence â€Å"I like the look of agony† at the beginning not because she likes looking to people who is in agony but rather, she is just having the intense interest of the way we absorb emotional sufferings, pain and the agony especially when death of a love one occurs. And it is so surprising to the reader to read the first line being so direct with extreme cruelty. Different emotions occurs and may be expressed inappropriately when we come to realize that death is unavoidable. Some people tend to control their emotions and try to have a full power on them. They feel comfortable out of it. It is called defense mechanism. Refer to the second line, which I personally believe that it is the heart of the poem, â€Å"Because I know it’s true. † She must have gotten a lot of untrue looks and hated them because she was a painfully shy and homely woman. We can speculate that the untrue looks are looks of interest or even attraction to her: looks of friendship, admiration and love. She doesn’t trust all those things, only the agony of dying, â€Å"Homely Anguish† -the personification of love. We know that most people often fear death, whereas we should be aware of the fact that everyone of us will come to an end and death is close to us. Suffering does not have to be associated with fear. We have to perceive that death is an event and it’s happening to everyone of us. We just have to stand and be prepared to face it. Agony is somewhat like having a cancer. How an excruciating pain of someone who is suffering from severe cancer feels like. This is the moment were we can be genuinely honest on how we truly feels. We don’t assume or pretend, but just live the moment and don’t even know how to gain control of it. None of us can deceive the physical appearance to go along an agony. In my view, death is something that we have to be prepared. It is unstoppable and beyond anyone’s control. We just have to accept that each one of us is uncertain when coming to an end. Lastly, I agree with what the author has trying to tell us, to be ready to face the last pace of life death. Analyzing this poem of Dickinson is one way of seeing the positive look of agony and death, which is to express the deepest emotions on a highly emotional incident involving the lost of someone.

CONTRACT GRADE ASSIGNMENT PORTFOLIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CONTRACT GRADE ASSIGNMENT PORTFOLIO - Essay Example I can characterize much a larger number of words than I use in anything aside from scholastic written work. An inward ear: I hear what I compose or read in my mind just as it were stood up noisy. Thus, my written work has a cadence to it that helps attract consideration regarding it. A confidence in the essentialness of truth: I do not have faith in objectivity or total truth. In any case, I do accept that truth exists remotely, and that a few perspectives are more substantial than others are, and worth communicating as precisely, as could be allowed. I have a memory solid on distinguishment, however not extraordinary on review: Often, I cannot dig up a memory myself. However, in the event that somebody or something triggers a memory, my brain is superior to very nearly everybodys. I think that distinguishment is more imperative than review for an essayist, in light of the fact that, when a memory is covered, numerous types of intriguing associations are made to it in your brain. By complexity, I think that a photographic memory blocks this inventive methodology, which is the reason I am happy that I do not have one. A hesitance to edit: By the time I wrap up, my psyche is now proceeding onward to something else. I can just alter myself by a demonstration of will; I am still not great at it. An over-utilization of moves: Im so fixated on structure that I would begin each sentence with one on the off chance that I let myself. As things seem to be, one of my routine altering assignments is to erase a large portion of the "as a matter of first importance", "on alternate hands and different moves. A fear about fiction: Above all else, I need to be a fiction essayist. It implies such a great amount to me that its taken me years to really have the capacity to compose it. When I attempt to compose fiction, a straining eventual outcome and I stop up: I am dreadfully partial to the first or striking expression, maybe in light of